I didn't... Did I...? (A0)

Past tense – negation and question (55)

Minulý čas – zápor a otázka

Hlavní přehled

Na Landigo si dnes ukážeme, jak se tvoří zápor a otázka v minulém čase (např. Nejel jsem. Jel jsi?).

Minulý čas (past tense) – procvičování:

Minulému času se věnujeme i v dalších lekcích:

Did you go to the USA? – No, I didn't go there. = Jel jsi do USA? – Ne, nejel jsem tam. V minulém čase tvoříme otázku pomocí DID a zápor pomocí DIDN'T.

Did you go?
Jel jsi?
I didn't go.
Nejel jsem.
Jel jsi do USA? – Ne, nejel jsem tam.
Did you go to the USA? – No, I didn't go there.
I didn't go, I didn't travel...

Zápor tvoříme pomocí DIDN'T, které dáme před základní tvar slovesa (go, cook, play...):

I didn't cook.
Nevařil jsem.
I didn't play.
Nehrál jsem.
I didn't travel.
Necestoval jsem.

Minulý čas – zápor – časování – jednotné číslo:

I didn't go
nejel jsem
you didn't go
nejel jsi
he didn't go
she didn't go
it didn't go
nejel
nejela
nejelo

Minulý čas – zápor – časování – množné číslo:

we didn't go
nejeli jsme
you didn't go
nejeli jste
they didn't go
nejeli

Porovnejte:

He didn't need help.
Nepotřeboval pomoc.
He needed help.
Potřeboval pomoc.
He didn't want pizza.
Nechtěl pizzu.
He wanted pizza.
Chtěl pizzu.

I didn't watch TV. = Nedívala jsem se na televizi.

I watched TV.
Dívala jsem se na televizi.
I didn't watch TV.
Nedívala jsem se na televizi.
Nedívala jsem se na televizi.
I didn't watch TV.

Olivia and Mike didn't visit me last week. = Olivia a Mike mě minulý týden nenavštívili.

They visited me.
Navštívili mě.
They didn't visit me.
Nenavštívili mě.
Olivia a Mike mě minulý týden nenavštívili.
Olivia and Mike didn't visit me last week.

Ve formální konverzaci používáme místo DIDN'T nezkrácený tvar DID NOT:

I didn't cook.
Nevařila jsem.
I did not cook.

We didn't want to drive. = Nechtěli jsme řídit.

Plný tvar:
We did not want to drive.
Stažený tvar:
We didn't want to drive.
Nechtěli jsme řídit.
We didn't want to drive.
Did you go...? Did you travel...?

Otázku tvoříme tak, že dáme DID na začátek věty. Významové sloveso je v základním tvaru (cook, play, travel...):

Did you cook?
Vařil jsi?
Did you play?
Hrál jsi?
Did you travel?
Cestoval jsi?

Minulý čas – otázka – časování – jednotné číslo:

Did I go?
Jel jsem?
Did you go?
Jel jsi?
Did he go?
Did she go?
Did it go?
Jel?
Jela?
Jelo?

Minulý čas – otázka – časování – množné číslo:

Did we go?
Jeli jsme?
Did you go?
Jeli jste?
Did they go?
Jeli?

Porovnejte:

Did he need help?
Potřeboval pomoc?
He needed help.
Potřeboval pomoc.
Did he want pizza?
Chtěl pizzu?
He wanted pizza.
Chtěl pizzu.

Did you arrive yesterday? – No, we arrived this morning. = Přijeli jste včera? – Ne, přijeli jsme dnes ráno.

Otázka: Did you arrived arrive...?
Tvrzení: We arrived...
Přijeli jste včera? – Ne, přijeli jsme dnes ráno.
Did you arrive yesterday? – No, we arrived this morning.

Did you go to the gym? = Šel jsi do posilovny?

Tvrzení: You went...
Otázka: Did you went go...?
Šel jsi do posilovny?
Did you go to the gym?

Tázací zájmeno – WHO (kdo), WHAT (co), WHEN (kdy), WHERE (kde) apod. je v otázce na prvním místě:

What did you do?
Co jsi dělal?
Where did you go?
Kam jsi šel?

I can't hear you, what did you say? = Neslyším tě, co jsi říkal?

What did you say?
Did you say what?
Neslyším tě, co jsi říkal?
I can't hear you, what did you say?

Did they answer your message? – No, they didn't answer it. = Odpověděli ti na zprávu? – Ne, neodpověděli.

Otázka:
Did they answered answer?
Zápor:
They didn't answered answer.
Tvrzení:
They answered.
Odpověděli ti na zprávu? – Ne, neodpověděli.
Did they answer your message? – No, they didn't answer it.
Zápor a otázka v minulém čase v praktických situacích:
1

Susan didn't live in France. She lived in Canada. = Susan nežila ve Francii. Žila v Kanadě.

Nežila: She didn't lived live...
Žila: She lived...
Susan nežila ve Francii. Žila v Kanadě.
Susan didn't live in France. She lived in Canada.

Carter didn't enjoy the trip. = Carter si výlet neužil.

Plný tvar:
He did not enjoy it.
Stažený tvar:
He didn't enjoy it.
Carter si výlet neužil.
Carter didn't enjoy the trip.
2

Did you visit the Grand Canyon last year? = Navštívili jste loni Grand Canyon?

You visited...?
Navštívili jste loni Grand Canyon?
Did you visit the Grand Canyon last year?

Did we pack everything? = Zabalili jsme všechno?

Tvrzení:
We packed everything.
Otázka:
Did we pack everything?
Zabalili jsme všechno?
Did we pack everything?
3

Where did you get that red coat? = Kde jsi koupila ten červený kabát?

Where did you get it?
Did you where get it?
Kde jsi koupila ten červený kabát?
Where did you get that red coat?

Robert didn't buy that book. He didn't have any money. = Robert si knihu nekoupil. Neměl žádné peníze.

He didn't bought buy...
He didn't had have...
Robert si knihu nekoupil. Neměl žádné peníze.
Robert didn't buy that book. He didn't have any money.
4

Greta didn't play golf on Friday. = Greta nehrála v pátek golf.

She not played golf.
Greta nehrála v pátek golf.
Greta didn't play golf on Friday.

Alice didn't come to the party. = Alice na večírek nepřišla.

Stažený tvar:
She didn't come.
Plný tvar:
She did not come.
Alice na večírek nepřišla.
Alice didn't come to the party.
5

What did you have for lunch? = Co jsi měl k obědu?

What you had?
Co jsi měl k obědu?
What did you have for lunch?

Amelia didn't like broccoli. = Amelia neměla ráda brokolici.

She didn't likes like it.
Amelia neměla ráda brokolici.
Amelia didn't like broccoli.

Zápor a otázka v minulém čase – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: