Na Landigo si dnes ukážeme, jak se tvoří zápor a otázka v minulém čase (např. Nejel jsem. Jel jsi?).
Minulý čas (past tense) – procvičování:
Minulému času se věnujeme i v dalších lekcích:
Did you go to the USA? – No, I didn't go there. = Jel jsi do USA? – Ne, nejel jsem tam. V minulém čase tvoříme otázku pomocí DID a zápor pomocí DIDN'T.
Did you go?
|
Jel jsi? |
I didn't go.
|
Nejel jsem. |
Zápor tvoříme pomocí DIDN'T, které dáme před základní tvar slovesa (go, cook, play...):
I didn't cook.
|
Nevařil jsem. |
I didn't play.
|
Nehrál jsem. |
I didn't travel.
|
Necestoval jsem. |
Minulý čas – zápor – časování – jednotné číslo:
I didn't go
|
nejel jsem |
you didn't go
|
nejel jsi |
he didn't go
she didn't go
it didn't go
|
nejel
nejela
nejelo
|
Minulý čas – zápor – časování – množné číslo:
we didn't go
|
nejeli jsme |
you didn't go
|
nejeli jste |
they didn't go
|
nejeli |
Porovnejte:
He didn't need help.
|
Nepotřeboval pomoc. |
He needed help.
|
Potřeboval pomoc. |
He didn't want pizza.
|
Nechtěl pizzu. |
He wanted pizza.
|
Chtěl pizzu. |
I didn't watch TV. = Nedívala jsem se na televizi.
I watched TV.
|
Dívala jsem se na televizi. |
I didn't watch TV.
|
Nedívala jsem se na televizi. |
Olivia and Mike didn't visit me last week. = Olivia a Mike mě minulý týden nenavštívili.
They visited me.
|
Navštívili mě. |
They didn't visit me.
|
Nenavštívili mě. |
Ve formální konverzaci používáme místo DIDN'T nezkrácený tvar DID NOT:
I didn't cook.
|
Nevařila jsem. |
I did not cook.
|
We didn't want to drive. = Nechtěli jsme řídit.
Plný tvar: |
We did not want to drive.
|
Stažený tvar: |
We didn't want to drive.
|
Otázku tvoříme tak, že dáme DID na začátek věty. Významové sloveso je v základním tvaru (cook, play, travel...):
Did you cook?
|
Vařil jsi? |
Did you play?
|
Hrál jsi? |
Did you travel?
|
Cestoval jsi? |
Minulý čas – otázka – časování – jednotné číslo:
Did I go?
|
Jel jsem? |
Did you go?
|
Jel jsi? |
Did he go?
Did she go?
Did it go?
|
Jel?
Jela?
Jelo?
|
Minulý čas – otázka – časování – množné číslo:
Did we go?
|
Jeli jsme? |
Did you go?
|
Jeli jste? |
Did they go?
|
Jeli? |
Porovnejte:
Did he need help?
|
Potřeboval pomoc? |
He needed help.
|
Potřeboval pomoc. |
Did he want pizza?
|
Chtěl pizzu? |
He wanted pizza.
|
Chtěl pizzu. |
Did you arrive yesterday? – No, we arrived this morning. = Přijeli jste včera? – Ne, přijeli jsme dnes ráno.
Otázka: | Did you arrived arrive...? |
Tvrzení: | We arrived... |
Did you go to the gym? = Šel jsi do posilovny?
Tvrzení: | You went... |
Otázka: | Did you went go...? |
Tázací zájmeno – WHO (kdo), WHAT (co), WHEN (kdy), WHERE (kde) apod. je v otázce na prvním místě:
What did you do?
|
Co jsi dělal? |
Where did you go?
|
Kam jsi šel? |
I can't hear you, what did you say? = Neslyším tě, co jsi říkal?
What did you say?
|
Did you say what? |
Did they answer your message? – No, they didn't answer it. = Odpověděli ti na zprávu? – Ne, neodpověděli.
Otázka: |
Did they answered answer?
|
Zápor: |
They didn't answered answer.
|
Tvrzení: |
They answered.
|
Susan didn't live in France. She lived in Canada. = Susan nežila ve Francii. Žila v Kanadě.
Nežila: | She didn't lived live... |
Žila: | She lived... |
Carter didn't enjoy the trip. = Carter si výlet neužil.
Plný tvar: |
He did not enjoy it.
|
Stažený tvar: |
He didn't enjoy it.
|
Did you visit the Grand Canyon last year? = Navštívili jste loni Grand Canyon?
You visited...? |
Did we pack everything? = Zabalili jsme všechno?
Tvrzení: |
We packed everything.
|
Otázka: |
Did we pack everything?
|
Where did you get that red coat? = Kde jsi koupila ten červený kabát?
Where did you get it?
|
Did you where get it? |
Robert didn't buy that book. He didn't have any money. = Robert si knihu nekoupil. Neměl žádné peníze.
He didn't bought buy... |
He didn't had have... |
Greta didn't play golf on Friday. = Greta nehrála v pátek golf.
She not played golf. |
Alice didn't come to the party. = Alice na večírek nepřišla.
Stažený tvar: |
She didn't come.
|
Plný tvar: |
She did not come.
|
What did you have for lunch? = Co jsi měl k obědu?
What you had? |
Amelia didn't like broccoli. = Amelia neměla ráda brokolici.
She didn't likes like it.
|
Zápor a otázka v minulém čase – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: