Don't you...? Aren't you...? (B1)

Negative questions (343)

Záporné otázky

Hlavní přehled

Záporné otázky (negative questions) – procvičování:

Další lekce na otázky:

Haven't you left for the airport yet? = Copak jsi ještě neodjela na letiště?

Vyjadřujeme překvapení:
Haven't you left yet?
Have you not left yet?
Copak jsi ještě neodjela na letiště?
Haven't you left for the airport yet?

V záporných otázkách můžeme použít dva slovosledy:

Didn't you like it?
Did you not like it?

Záporné otázky používáme v těchto situacích:

Don't you…? Do you not…?

V záporných otázkách použijeme v běžné neformální angličtině stažený tvar:

Don't you love her anymore?
Hasn't he decided yet?
Aren't they hungry?
What didn't you understand?

Ve formálnější angličtině použijeme nestažený tvar:

Do you not love her anymore?
Has he not decided yet?
Are they not hungry?
What did you not understand?

Nikoliv: Do not you...?, Has not he...?

Copak nemá ráda sladkosti?
Doesn't she like sweets?
Copak nejí maso?
Does she not eat meat?
Neletěli?
Didn't they fly?
Necestovali spolu?
Did they not travel together?

Aren't you lucky? You have a great husband and three amazing children.

Hovorovější:
Aren't you lucky?
Formálnější:
Are you not lucky?
Máš štěstí, viď? Máš skvělého manžela a tři úžasné děti.
Aren't you lucky? You have a great husband and three amazing children.

Have you not worked for Apple as well?

Have you not...?
Haven't you...?
Have not you...?
Nepracoval jsi také pro Apple?
Have you not worked for Apple as well?

V záporných otázkách můžeme použít záporné NOBODY, NEVER, NOTHING...:

Has nobody locked the door?
Do you never drink wine?

Has Daniel never visited his mom in New York?

Has he never visited her?
Hasn't he visited her?
Copak Daniel nikdy nenavštívil svou mámu v New Yorku?
Has Daniel never visited his mom in New York?

Porovnejte odpovědi na zápornou otázku:

Don't you like it? – Yes, I do.
 Nechutná ti to? – Ale ano, chutná.
Don't you like it? – No, I don't.
 Nechutná ti to? – Ne, nechutná.

Neříkáme obvykle: Yes, I don't.; No, I do.

Won't you talk to Eric? – Yes. I will, of course.

Won't you talk to him?
– Yes, I will.
– No, I won't.
Copak si nepromluvíš s Erikem? – Ale ano. Samozřejmě, že promluvím.
Won't you talk to Eric? – Yes. I will, of course.

Didn't we use to take the same bus to Dublin? – No, we didn't. I've never been to Dublin.

Didn't we take the same bus?
– No, we didn't.
– Yes, we did.
Nejezdili jsme do Dublinu stejným autobusem? – Ne, nejezdili. Nikdy jsem v Dublinu nebyl.
Didn't we use to take the same bus to Dublin? – No, we didn't. I've never been to Dublin.
Záporná otázka = překvapení

Pomocí záporných otázek vyjadřujeme (obvykle negativní) překvapení nebo šok:

Aren't you ready yet? (= I'm surprised you aren't ready yet.)
 Jak je možné, že ještě nejsi připravený?
Shouldn't Stevie be at school? (= I'm shocked Stevie isn't at school.)
 Copak by Stevie neměl být ve škole?
Copak nemáš hlad?
Aren't you hungry?
Copak nebyl na zahradě?
Wasn't he in the garden?
Copak si nepůjčili auto?
Didn't they rent a car?
Copak ještě není vzhůru?
Isn't she up yet?

Aren't Danny and Lee tired? They've been playing since lunchtime.

Aren't they tired?
I'm surprised they aren't tired.
To nejsou Danny a Lee unavení? Hrají už od oběda.
Aren't Danny and Lee tired? They've been playing since lunchtime.
Záporná otázka = kritizujeme
Can't you stop interrupting me?
 Copak mě nemůžeš přestat vyrušovat?
Doesn't Amanda know how to make pasta?
 Jak je jen možné, že Amanda neumí udělat těstoviny?
Jak je možné, že si ještě nezabalila?
Hasn't she packed yet?
Copak to neuklidí?
Won't he tidy up?
Copak jsi to dnes nemohl poslat?
Couldn't you send it today?
Jak je možné, že jsi nekoupil toaletní papír?
Didn't you buy toilet paper?

Can't they be on time for once?

Kritizujeme:
Can't they be on time?
It's annoying they can't be on time.
To nemůžou jednou dorazit včas?
Can't they be on time for once?
Záporná otázka = očekáváme souhlas
Weren't they lying to me the whole time? (= They were lying, weren't they?)
 Lhali mi celou tu dobu, že ano?
Isn't Rick handsome? (= He's handsome, isn't he?)
 No není Rick pohledný?
No nejsou rozkošná?
Aren't they cute?
No nebylo to levné?
Wasn't it cheap?
No nebyli jsme skvělí?
Weren't we great?
No není to dobrota?
Isn't it yummy?

Isn't it a lovely beach? – Yes, it is.

Očekáváme souhlas:
Isn't it a lovely beach?
It's a lovely beach, isn't it?
Není to ale krásná pláž? – Ano, je.
Isn't it a lovely beach? – Yes, it is.
Why don't...? = pobízíme/navrhujeme
Why don't you have some more ice cream? (= Have some more ice cream!)
 Dejte si ještě zmrzlinu!
Why don't you get some rest? (= Get some rest.)
 Odpočiň si.
Why don't we invite Tonny as well? (= Let's invite Tonny as well!)
 Co takhle pozvat také Tonnyho?
Why don't we call her? (= We should call her.)
 Co takhle ji zavolat?
Posaď se!
Why don't you sit down?
Měla bys to zkusit!
Why don't you try it?
Co takhle udělat si pizzu?
Why don't we make pizza?
Co takhle jít si zaplavat?
Why don't we go for a swim?

If you don't know the answer, why don't you ask the teacher?

Why don't you ask him?
You should ask him.
Když neznáš odpověď, zeptej se učitele.
If you don't know the answer, why don't you ask the teacher?

Why don't we go on a date next Friday? – Yes, I would love to.

Why don't we go on a date?
Let's go on a date.
I suggest we go on a date.
Co takhle jít příští pátek na rande? – Ano, moc ráda.
Why don't we go on a date next Friday? – Yes, I would love to.

Pozor, když o něco prosíme/žádáme, použijeme kladné otázky:

Would you mind helping me?
 Nepomohl bys mi?
Could I have a menu, please?
 Mohl bych dostat jídelní lístek, prosím?
Can I talk to you for a moment?
 Nemůžu si s vámi na chvíli promluvit?

Nikoliv: Wouldn't you…?, Couldn't I…?, Can't I…?

Porovnejte:

Prosíme Pobízíme/Navrhujeme
Could you please call her?
Why don't you call her? (= You should call her.)
Would you please lend me your bike?
Why don't we rent bikes? (= Let's rent bikes!)

My suitcase is really heavy. Would you mind carrying it up the stairs?

Prosíme:
Wouldn't Would you mind carrying it?
Můj kufr je opravdu těžký. Nevadilo by ti vynést ho do schodů?
My suitcase is really heavy. Would you mind carrying it up the stairs?

Záporné otázky – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: