For, since – procvičování:
Porovnejte:
I've been waiting for two hours.
|
Čekám dvě hodiny. |
I've been waiting since 2 o'clock.
|
Čekám od dvou hodin. |
We've been travelling since Thursday. = Cestujeme už od čtvrtka.
Od (nějaké doby): |
since Thursday
|
Po (nějakou dobu): |
for five days
|
FOR znamená – po (nějakou dobu), zatímco SINCE – od (nějaké doby):
live for ten months
|
bydlet deset měsíců |
live since 2020
|
bydlet od 2020 |
FOR (už...; po dobu...) použijeme pro trvání časového úseku:
for a minute
|
(už) minutu |
for two hours
|
dvě hodiny |
for five days
|
pět dní |
for three weeks
|
tři týdny |
for many months
|
mnoho měsíců |
for a few years
|
několik let |
for a long time
|
dlouhou dobu |
Rachel has been packing for several hours. = Rachel balí už několik hodin.
since for several hours
|
FOR používáme s různými časy, např. s předpřítomným, minulým nebo budoucím:
I have lived here for three years.
|
Žiju tady už tři roky. |
I lived here for three years.
|
Žil jsem tady tři roky. |
I will live here for three years.
|
Budu tady žít tři roky. |
I've been here for two months and I still don't understand French. = Už jsem tady dva měsíce a pořád nerozumím francouzsky.
since for two months
|
Kelly and Ellen stayed in Florida for a month. = Kelly a Ellen zůstaly na Floridě měsíc.
for a month
|
for a year
|
for a long time
|
Will you bake the muffins for about 45 minutes? = Budeš muffiny péct asi 45 minut?
for 45 minutes
|
for a few days
|
for centuries
|
FOR před HOW LONG obvykle nepoužíváme:
How long have they been dating?
|
Jak dlouho spolu chodí? |
I don't know how long the movie is.
|
Nevím, jak je film dlouhý. |
FOR nepoužíváme ve spojení s ALL:
I've been reading all evening.
|
Celý večer si čtu. |
I've known Peter all my life.
|
Znám Petra celý svůj život. |
Nikoliv: for all evening, for all my life
How long were you surfing? – All afternoon. = Jak dlouho jste surfovali? – Celé odpoledne.
for how long
|
for all afternoon
|
SINCE (od...) použijeme se začátkem časového úseku:
since this morning
|
od rána |
since 12 o'clock
|
od 12 hodin |
since yesterday
|
od včera |
since Tuesday
|
od úterý |
since February
|
od února |
since 2005
|
od roku 2005 |
since the last century
|
od minulého století |
Porovnejte FOR a SINCE:
We haven't ridden a motorbike since high school. = Od střední jsme na motorce nejezdili.
since high school
|
for many years
|
How long have you been working in Australia? – Since 2021. = Jak dlouho pracujete v Austrálii? – Od roku 2021.
since 2021
|
since last year
|
since the beginning of summer
|
Předložku SINCE typicky používáme s předpřítomným časem:
Olivia has been travelling since June.
|
Olivia od června cestuje. |
I have been working since 7 o'clock.
|
Pracuji od sedmi hodin. |
They have been friends since childhood.
|
Kamarádí se od dětství. |
Předložku SINCE používáme pouze s dějem, který začal v minulosti a trvá až do současnosti. V ostatních případech musíme použít FROM:
She has been travelling since June. (= She's travelling now.)
|
She was travelling from June to August.
|
She will be travelling from June.
|
Nikoliv: She was travelling since..., She will be travelling since...
I haven't eaten Chinese food since last month. = Čínské jídlo jsem nejedl od minulého měsíce.
since last month
|
since July
|
since 2014
|
The boys were doing homework from 3 pm to 5 pm. = Kluci dělali úkoly od tří do pěti.
They were doing homework since from... |
SINCE můžeme použít jako spojku mezi větami:
She has been travelling since she finished school.
|
Cestuje od doby, kdy dokončila školu. |
I have been working since I got home.
|
Pracuji od té doby, co jsem se vrátil domů. |
They have been friends since they were children.
|
Přátelí se od dětství. |
Všimněte si, že v jedné větě je předpřítomný čas (has been travelling) a ve druhé větě minulý čas (finished).
My parents have been coming to this café since it first opened. = Moji rodiče chodí do této kavárny od jejího otevření.
...since it first opened. |
...since it has first opened. |
Porovnejte:
She's been travelling since she finished school.
|
She's been travelling since June.
|
I've been working since I got home.
|
I've been working since 7 o'clock.
|
They've been friends since they were children.
|
They've been friends since childhood.
|
Jessica has been playing drums since she was a little girl. = Jessica hraje na bicí odmalička.
...since she was a little girl. |
...since 2014. |
Mitch has been in love with Claire since he met her. = Mitch je do Claire zamilovaný od chvíle, kdy ji poznal.
...since he met her. |
...since their first date. |
For, since – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: