Na Landigo se dnes zaměříme na případy, kdy nemusí být zcela jasné, jestli máme brát podmět jako jednotné nebo množné číslo. Podíváme se především na:
Shoda podmětu se slovesem – procvičování:
Pokročilejší lekce na stejné téma: Shoda podmětu se slovesem (B2)
Usually, no more than two seconds separates the winner from the runner-up.
Jeden celek: |
Two seconds separate separates... |
Obecně platí:
V některých případech nemusí být zcela jasné, jestli máme použít sloveso v jednotném nebo množném čísle:
...and... |
Tom and John are here.
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Either...or... Neither...nor... |
Either Tom or John is here.
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There is/are... |
There is Tom and John.
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Čas, váha, cena... |
Fifty dollars is enough.
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Procenta: |
Fifty percent is enough.
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Pokud má podmět dva nebo více členů spojených pomocí AND, použijeme obvykle sloveso v množném čísle:
My sister, Tom and John have been getting along well.
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Are Tom and John still friends?
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Both Tom and John are going bowling.
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Both Mitch and I are on our way to Australia.
Mitch and I are
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both Mitch and I are
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S vazbami EITHER...OR... (buď...nebo...) a NEITHER...NOR... (ani...ani...) používáme číslo slovesa podle bližší části podmětu:
Either you or your brother has to help me.
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Either you or your brothers have to help me.
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Neither you nor your brother has helped me.
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Neither you nor your brothers have helped me.
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V hovorové angličtině je také možné použít:
Either you or your brother have to help me.
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Neither you nor your brother have helped me.
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Either Mrs. Hill or her employees are still in the shop.
either Mrs. Hill or her employees are
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either Mrs. Hill or her employee is
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Neither I nor Tina has cooked tonight.
Neutrální: |
Neither I nor Tina has cooked.
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Hovorové: |
Neither I nor Tina have cooked.
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S vazbou THERE IS/ARE používáme číslo slovesa podle bližší části podmětu:
There is Tom and your brothers.
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There are your brothers and Tom.
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Was there Tom and your brothers?
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Were there your brothers and Tom?
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There's a cat and a dog playing outside. Have you seen them?
There is a cat and a dog... |
There are cats and a dog... |
Were there any other details and information I should know about?
Were there any details and information...? |
Was there any detail and information...? |
Obvykle považujeme vzdálenost, časové trvání/období, váhu, finanční částku apod. za jeden celek (= jednotné číslo):
How long does 25 miles take you to drive?
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Za jak dlouho ujedeš 25 mil? |
Twelve months was a long time to wait.
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Čekat dvanáct měsíců byla dlouhá doba. |
Five hundred grams of sugar is enough for at least 20 cookies.
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Pět set gramů cukru bude stačit alespoň na dvacet sušenek. |
Ten dollars is a great deal of money to a child.
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Deset dolarů je pro dítě hodně peněz. |
Všimněte si, že v češtině používáme v těchto případech také jednotné číslo (byla, bude, je).
Five euros is a great price for three kilos of fresh fruit.
Jeden celek: |
Five euros are is... |
Pokud po vazbě THERE... používáme vzdálenost, čas, váhu atd. něčeho v množném čísle, je obvykle sloveso v množném čísle:
There are four more stops before we get off.
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Než vystoupíme, čekají nás ještě čtyři zastávky. |
There were ten dollars in the wallet.
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V peněžence bylo deset dolarů. |
Hurry up! There are only two minutes left before the game starts.
There are two minutes... |
There are two metres... |
There are two pounds... |
Často bereme název jídla jako 1 celek, proto s ním používáme sloveso v jednotném čísle. Platí to i pro spojení více slovíček pomocí AND (fish and chips, meat pie and potatoes...):
Baked beans is my favourite breakfast.
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Was fish and chips on the menu?
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Fish and chips is a popular English hot dish consisting of fried fish in crispy batter served with potato chips.
Jedno jídlo: |
Fish and chips are is... |
How are these vegetables prepared? Do you have to boil them first?
Zelenina obecně: |
How are these vegetables prepared?
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Procenta se používají často se slovesem v jednotném čísle:
Only 40 percent was happy with the purchase.
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More than 60 percent has been destroyed.
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Pokud je po procentech spojení OF + podstatné jméno v množném čísle (people, trees...), použijeme sloveso v množném čísle:
Only 40 percent of people were happy.
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More than 60 percent of trees have been destroyed.
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Almost twenty percent is missing. How is that possible?
Twenty percent is... |
Twenty percent are... |
Sixty percent of our students are either Black or Hispanic.
Sixty percent of our students are... |
Sixty percent of our class is... |
Sixty percent is... |
Na závěr poznámka o složeninách (psaných zvlášť nebo spojených spojovníky) – jejich první část je obvykle v jednotném čísle, i když vyjadřuje množné číslo:
a peach tree
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a tree producing peaches
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a two-week holiday
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a holiday of two weeks
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a twenty-page story
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a story containing twenty pages
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Neříkáme: a peachES tree, a two-weekS holiday, a twenty-pageS story
We have a ten-hour layover in Barcelona. How about going sightseeing?
a ten-hours layover
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a two-days journey
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a four-weeks vacation
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Shoda podmětu se slovesem (subject-verb agreement) – nejdůležitější body:
Tom and my friend are here.
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Either Tom or my friend is here.
Either Tom or my friends are here.
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There is Tom and my friends.
There are my friends and Tom.
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Ten dollars is enough.
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Ten percent is enough.
Ten percent of the apples are enough.
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a ten-dollar banknote
two ten-dollar banknotes
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Doporučujeme si procvičit shodu podmětu se slovesem (subject-verb agreement) v našich cvičeních.