Arriving late, after travelling... (B1)
Participle clauses (334)
Vedlejší věty s ING
Vedlejší věty s ING – procvičování:
Na Landigo máme další související lekce:
- Koncovka ING (A1)
- Zkracování vět pomocí -ING a -ED (B1)
Diving in Bali last year, we saw a rare turtle.
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Diving in Bali, we saw it.
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When we were diving in Bali, we saw it.
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Pomocí krátké konstrukce s ING můžeme zkrátit některé vedlejší věty:
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Because we live in Bali, we often go diving.
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Protože žijeme na Bali, často se potápíme. |
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Living in Bali, we often go diving.
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Větu je obvykle možné zkrátit pouze tehdy, pokud jsou v souvětí podměty stejné (WE live, WE go diving).
Zkracujeme následující typy vět:
- 2 souběžné děje:
He was sitting there and he was laughing.He was sitting there laughing.
- 1. děj se odehraje během 2. děje:
When he was getting out of the taxi, he stepped into a puddle.Getting out of the taxi, he stepped into a puddle.
- 1. děj se ukončí před 2. dějem:
After he had showered, he went to bed.After showering, he went to bed.Having showered, he went to bed.
- Mluvíme o důvodu:
Because he was feeling tired, he fell asleep quickly.Feeling tired, he fell asleep quickly.
2 souběžné děje → zkrácení pomocí ING
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Is Lucy outside and is she waiting for Tony?
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Is Lucy outside waiting for Tony?
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I was in Europe, I was visiting my friends.
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I was in Europe visiting my friends.
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U tohoto typu souvětí obvykle zkracujeme druhou větu.
Jeremy is often cycling along the coast listening to music or podcasts.
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He's cycling along the coast listening to music.
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He's cycling along the coast and he's listening to music.
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Trish and Monica were in the center shopping.
| 2 souběžné děje: |
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They were in the center shopping.
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They were in the center and they were shopping.
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1. děj se odehraje během 2. děje → zkrácení pomocí ING
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Did you burn yourself while you were cooking?
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Did you burn yourself while cooking?
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Be careful when you are cutting the meat.
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Be careful when cutting the meat.
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Zkracujeme vždy děj, který začal dříve (cooking, cutting). Zkrácená věta bývá na konci souvětí.
WHEN/WHILE můžeme vynechat:
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Did you burn yourself cooking?
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Be careful cutting the meat.
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Look! I found a wallet walking from the beach.
| 1. děj se odehraje během 2. děje: |
| I found it walking... |
| I found it when walking... |
| I found it when I was walking... |
Jack broke his leg while skiing in Switzerland last winter.
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He broke it skiing.
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He broke it while skiing.
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He broke it while he was skiing.
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1. děj se ukončí před 2. dějem → having done/after doing
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After I had travelled all my life, I settled in Norway.
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Having travelled all my life, I settled in Norway.
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After travelling all my life, I settled in Norway.
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After he had finished his work, he left.
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Having finished his work, he left the office.
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After finishing his work, he left.
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Zkracujeme vždy děj, který skončil dříve (travelling, finishing work).
Having heard about the traffic jam, Molly took the subway instead of the bus.
| 1. děj se ukončí před 2. dějem: |
| Having heard about it... |
| After hearing about it... |
| After Molly heard about it... |
After having a short break, we continued climbing up the rock.
| 1. děj se ukončí před 2. dějem: |
| After having a short break... |
| Having had a short break... |
| After we had a short break... |
Důvodová věta → zkrácení pomocí ING
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I was up studying at night because I have an exam today.
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Having my exam today, I was up studying at night.
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Because I didn't have enough energy, I drank some coffee.
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Not having enough energy, I drank some coffee.
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Since I don't know what to do, I'll ask Frank for advice.
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Not knowing what to do, I'll ask Frank for advice.
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Zkrácená věta stojí obvykle na začátku souvětí.
Arriving late at the airport, James missed the plane.
| Arriving late... |
| Because he arrived late... |
| Not arriving on time... |
| Because he didn't arrive on time... |
Having gotten injured, you will have to rest for a few weeks.
| Having gotten injured... |
| Because you got injured... |
Being pregnant, I'm eating as healthy as possible.
| Being pregnant... |
| Because I'm pregnant... |
Pozor, pokud vyjadřujeme, za jakým účelem se něco děje, větu nelze zkrátit:
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Ben started working so that he could save up for a car.
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Ben začal pracovat, aby si mohl našetřit na auto. |
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I changed the seat so that I could see better.
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Vyměnil jsem si sedadlo, abych lépe viděl. |
I need to borrow money so that I'm able to buy the ticket.
| Účel: |
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I need money, so that I'm able to buy it.
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| I need money being able to buy it. |
Zkrácené souvětí → stejné podměty
Větu můžeme zkrátit pouze tehdy, pokud jsou podměty stejné:
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Because Ann had taken care of babies before, Ann knew what to do.
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Having taken care of babies before, Ann knew what to do.
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Pokud podměty nejsou stejné, větu nelze zkrátit:
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Because Ann had taken care of babies before, I asked her for help.
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After doing her makeup, Teresa put on her favourite black dress.
| After doing her makeup, Teresa put... |
| After Teresa did her makeup, Teresa put... |
Because it was raining heavily, I stayed at home all day.
| Because it was raining, I stayed... |
| Raining heavily, I stayed... |
Porovnejte použití čárky mezi větami:
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Having cycled 100 miles, they felt exhausted.
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They felt exhausted having cycled 100 miles.
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Having spent a lot of time in the sun, we were nicely tanned.
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Having spent time in the sun, we were tanned.
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We were tanned having spent time in the sun.
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Doporučujeme si procvičit vedlejší věty s ING (participle clauses) v našich cvičeních.
