Na Landigo se dnes zaměříme na ONE. Používá se, když mluvíme obecně o lidech a také jako zástupné slovíčko.
One, one's, oneself – procvičování:
One does crazy things for love.
People do crazy things.
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One does crazy things.
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Which T-shirt did you buy in the end, the yellow one?
Did you buy the yellow T-shirt?
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Did you buy the yellow one?
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ONE používáme v těchto případech:
One never knows what to expect from him!
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Are you talking about that tall man? – Yes, that tall one.
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ONE můžeme použít, pokud mluvíme o lidech obecně:
One does crazy things for love.
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Člověk dělá bláznivé věci z lásky. |
One should not judge a book by its cover.
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Člověk by neměl soudit knihu podle obalu. |
One never knows nowadays.
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Dneska člověk nikdy neví. |
It's not as easy to do that as one might think.
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Není tak jednoduché to udělat, jak si někteří myslí. |
One cannot be sure what lies ahead.
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Člověk si nemůže být jistý, co bude dál. |
S tímto významem je ONE poměrně formální.
One shouldn't judge the worth or value of something by its outward appearance alone.
One shouldn't judge... |
People shouldn't judge... |
V hovorové angličtině ONE často nahrazuje YOU. Popřípadě lze také použít významově trochu odlišné THEY. Porovnejte:
One does crazy things. (more formal, refers to the speaker and others)
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You do crazy things. (less formal, refers to the speaker and others)
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They do crazy things. (refers only to others, not the speaker)
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One cannot always be right, can one?
Formálnější: |
One cannot be right.
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Hovorovější: |
You can't be right.
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Pokud mluvíme o lidech obecně, používáme někdy také ONE'S a ONESELF:
One must have one's feet planted firmly on the ground.
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Člověk musí stát oběma nohama pevně na zemi. |
One has an obligation to one's family.
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Člověk má povinnost vůči svojí rodině. |
They say travel is good for finding oneself.
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Říká se, že cestování je dobré pro objevování sebe sama. |
It's exhausting having to defend oneself all the time.
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Je únavné muset se neustále ospravedlňovat. |
One's health is much more important than having lots of money.
One's health is... |
People's health is... |
When one looks at oneself, one should not be too critical.
Formálnější: | When one looks at oneself, one... |
Hovorovější: | When you look at yourself, you... |
ONE je součástí složenin NO ONE, SOMEONE, ANYONE a EVERYONE:
Luckily, no one was injured in the fire.
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Při požáru se naštěstí nikdo nezranil. |
Do you know someone who could show us around the city?
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Znáš někoho, kdo by nás mohl provést po městě? |
You can't share this information with anyone.
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Tuto informaci nesmíš nikomu sdělit. |
Everyone remembers their first kiss.
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Každý si pamatuje svůj první polibek. |
Více se slovíčkům tohoto typu věnujeme v lekci: Složená neurčitá zájmena a příslovce
Let's put the sign on the door so that no one wakes us up early.
no one
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noone |
Abychom nemuseli opakovat, co už bylo zmíněno nebo je jasné z kontextu, použijeme ONE:
Peter's new apartment is bigger than his old one (= apartment).
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This hotel looks much better than the last one (= hotel).
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Let's move to a table over there. This one (= table) is too close to the door.
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My phone broke last week, but I've already bought a new one (= phone).
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ONE v tomto případě zastupuje podstatné jméno v jednotném čísle. ONE se používá podobně jako podst. jméno – se členy a ukazovacími zájmeny (the, this, that...), s přídavnými jmény (old, new...) apod.
This headset isn't working. Will you bring me another one?
another one
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another headset
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You bought the first round of drinks. I'll pay for the next one.
I'll pay for the next one.
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I'll pay for the next round.
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What movie do you want to watch? – One with a happy ending.
One with a happy ending.
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A movie with a happy ending.
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Neurčitý člen lze před ONE použít, pouze pokud je před ONE další slovíčko:
What dress do you want? How about a blue one?
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I don't like this hat. I'll buy a different one.
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Nikoliv: What about a one?; I'll buy a one.
Would you like a can of coke? – Sure, do you have a chilled one?
a chilled one
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a diet one
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a one |
Pro zastoupení podstatného jména v množném čísle použijeme ONES:
Do you like pork sausages? – Yes, but I prefer spicier ones (= sausages).
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Australian animals are very different from European ones (= animals).
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ONES se vždy používá s nějakou doplňující informací (spicier..., European...). Samostatné ONES nelze použít. Neřekli bychom tedy např.: Let's buy ones.
Is it true that yellow cabs have taximeters whereas the other ones often don't?
the other ones
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the other cabs
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Look at those pretty leather shoes! Maybe I could order some.
I could order ones some.
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I could order the red ones.
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I could order the ones on sale.
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Zástupné ONE/ONES se vztahuje pouze k počitatelnému slovíčku, nikoliv k nepočitatelnému (luggage, money, information...). S nepočitatelným používáme SOME a ANY:
If you need a bigger bag, I'll lend you a bigger one. (počitatelné jednotné číslo)
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If you need bigger bags, I'll lend you bigger ones. (počitatelné množné číslo)
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If you need any more luggage, I'll lend you some. (nepočitatelné)
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Adam asked me to get some paper, but they didn't have any.
Nepočitatelné: |
They didn't have one any.
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They didn't have any paper.
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SOME, ANY, BOTH a číslovky nelze postavit přímo před zástupné ONES. Pokud ale před ONES dáme nějaké další slovíčko, lze tyto výrazy použít:
I wanted to buy desserts, but they didn't have any. (nikoliv: any ones)
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I wanted to buy some desserts, but they didn't have any vanilla ones.
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If you aren't going to eat your dessert, I will eat both. (nikoliv: both ones)
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If you aren't going to eat your dessert, I will eat both vanilla ones.
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I was meant to buy ten desserts, but I only bought five. (nikoliv: five ones)
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I was meant to buy ten vanilla desserts, but I only bought five vanilla ones.
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Mr. Fitch owns stamps from many foreign countries. Surprisingly he doesn't have any American ones.
any American ones
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any ones |
This is definitely the best place to photograph swans, both black ones and white ones.
both black ones and white ones
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both ones |
One, one's, oneself – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: