Kolektivní podstatná jména – procvičování:
Na Landigo máme také lekci: Hromadná podstatná jména (B1)
The whole crew was really helpful. After landing, we thanked them all.
Jeden celek: |
The whole crew was helpful.
|
Jednotliví členové: |
We thanked them all.
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Kolektivní podstatná jména (crew, family, staff...) označují skupinu lidí:
Kolektivní slovíčka lze někdy brát jako jednotné číslo nebo množné číslo:
My family is/are important to me. |
Číslo závisí na tom, jestli skupinu bereme jako jeden celek (family IS = it is) nebo jednotlivé členy (family ARE = they are).
What is the new staff like? – They're all very friendly and hardworking.
Jeden celek: |
What is it like?
|
Jednotliví členové: |
They're all friendly.
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Mezi typická kolektivní slovíčka patří:
family
|
rodina |
crew
|
posádka; personál |
staff
|
zaměstnanci; personál |
school
|
škola |
board
|
rada |
committee
|
komise |
Mezi kolektivní slovíčka patří i vlastní jména – názvy sportovních týmů, společností, firem apod.:
Kolektivní slovíčko bereme jako jednotné číslo, pokud se na skupinu lidí díváme jako na jeden celek (= it):
Tom's family is (= it/the family as a whole is) really big.
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Our club was (= it was) founded in 2016.
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The board of directors uses this room for its meetings.
Skupina jako jeden celek: |
The board uses it for its meetings.
|
Our team is going to win the finals this year. I have no doubt about it!
Jeden celek: |
Our team is going to win.
|
It is going to win.
|
Our company wants to find larger office space by the end of the month.
Jeden celek: |
Our company wants to find it.
|
Kolektivní slovíčko bereme jako množné číslo, pokud spíše než o celku mluvíme o individuálních členech skupiny (= they):
All my family hope (= They/All the family members hope) to go on holiday soon.
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The staff are (= They/The staff members are) all under thirty.
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The school are preparing for their final exams in June.
Jednotliví členové skupiny: |
The school are preparing for their exams.
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The target audience of this cartoon were children under ten years of age.
Jednotliví členové: |
The audience were children under ten.
|
They were children under ten.
|
The hotel staff has a great manager. They all respect her very much.
Jeden celek: |
The staff has a manager.
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Jednotliví členové: |
They all respect her.
|
Použití slovesa s kolektivními slovíčky se v britské a americké angličtině liší:
Jde o velmi obecné pravidlo – Britové ani Američané se jím striktně neřídí.
Are England playing Wales next week or the week after?
BrE: | Are England...? |
AmE: | Is England...? |
It seems like the jury is against us. If you lose, you might go to prison for life.
AmE: | The jury is... |
BrE: | The jury are... |
I love your old sneakers! Do Adidas still make them?
BrE: | Do Adidas...? |
AmE: | Does Adidas...? |
POLICE (policie) sice označuje skupinu lidí, ale je to obyčejné množné číslo:
Police are on the way!
|
Policisté jsou na cestě! |
The police know who committed the crime.
|
Policie ví, kdo zločin spáchal. |
Nikoliv: police is; police knows
Watch out. The state police are on every road out of town.
The police is are... |
PEOPLE (lidé) je množné číslo:
The local people are quite nice.
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Two people were hurt in the accident.
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We met those people when we were living in Australia.
that those people
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Kolektivní podstatná jména – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: