Čárky (A2)

Commas (241)

I went to Mexico with my mom, dad, and sister.

AmE:	my mom, dad, and sister
BrE:	my mom, dad and sister

Do Mexika jsem jel s mámou, tátou a sestrou.

I went to Mexico with my mom, dad, and sister.

Čárky (commas) používáme nejčastěji v těchto případech:

Výčet:

I have a cat, a dog, a hamster, and a bird.
Přídavná jména:

It's fast, simple, and effective.
Hlavní věty:

I like the dress, but it's too expensive.
Přímá řeč:

"Hurry up," said Nick.
Oslovení:

Vicky, hurry up!

Čárky používáme ve výčtech:

I was talking to Adam, Peter, and John.

You'll need some paper, a pencil, scissors.

Před posledním slovíčkem ve výčtu se často používá AND. V americké angličtině je před AND obvykle čárka, zatímco v britské není:

AmE	BrE
I bought eggs, milk, and flour.	I bought eggs, milk and flour.

Mary packed some clothes, glasses and a camera.

BrE:	some clothes, glasses and a camera
AmE:	some clothes, glasses, and a camera

Marie si zabalila oblečení, brýle a foťák.

Mary packed some clothes, glasses and a camera.

Did you see Anna, Steve, and Patrick?

AmE:	Anna, Steve, and Patrick
BrE:	Anna, Steve and Patrick

Viděla jsi Annu, Steva a Patricka?

Did you see Anna, Steve, and Patrick?

We ordered a large beef burger, fries, coke.

a burger, fries, coke

a burger, fries, and coke

a burger, fries and coke

Objednali jsme si velký hovězí burger, hranolky, kolu.

We ordered a large beef burger, fries, coke.

Čárky používáme mezi přídavnými jmény, pokud jsou za slovíčkem, které rozvíjí:

The room was small, dark, and full of people.

Jim is big, strong, and kind.

Podobně jako u výčtů podstatných jmen, v americké angličtině je před AND čárka, v britské angličtině nikoliv.

The road was hard, long and steep.

BrE:	hard, long and steep
AmE:	hard, long, and steep

Cesta byla těžká, dlouhá a strmá.

The road was hard, long and steep.

Do you have a wine that is tasty, sweet, and cheap?

AmE:	tasty, sweet, and cheap
BrE:	tasty, sweet and cheap

Máte víno, které je chutné, sladké a levné?

Do you have a wine that is tasty, sweet, and cheap?

Čárky používáme obvykle mezi hlavními větami, bez ohledu na to, jaká je mezi nimi spojka:

I'm in big trouble, and I don't know what to do.

You can stand there, or you can help me fix the car.

John is a good runner, but he's really bad at swimming.

Čárky často nepíšeme mezi krátkými hlavními větami:

I talked and she listened.

I like the car but she doesn't.

Čárky nepíšeme mezi větami, ve kterých je vynechaný podmět:

He said goodbye and went home.

He heard me but didn't reply.

It's been raining for hours, and it doesn't look like it's going to stop anytime soon.

Dvě hlavní věty:

It's been raining for hours, and it...

Už prší několik hodin a nezdá se, že by mělo v dohledné době přestat.

It's been raining for hours, and it doesn't look like it's going to stop anytime soon.

We can eat out or we can eat in.

Dvě krátké věty:

We can eat out or we can eat in.

Můžeme se najíst v restauraci nebo doma.

We can eat out or we can eat in.

Did you go to the market and buy apples?

Vynechaný podmět (you) ve druhé větě:

Did you go there and buy apples?

Did you go there, and bought...?

Šel jsi na trh a koupil jablka?

Did you go to the market and buy apples?

Čárky používáme často před nebo za přímou řečí. Porovnejte:

Hannah said, "You're wrong."	"You're wrong," said Hannah.
Tom said, "I love you."	"I love you," said Tom.

"That was a nice shot," said Martin.

"That was a nice shot," said Martin.

Martin said, "That was a nice shot."

"To byla dobrá trefa," řekl Martin.

"That was a nice shot," said Martin.

Eric said, "I don't think I can fix this."

Eric said, "I can't fix this."

"I can't fix this," said Eric.

"Myslím, že tohle asi opravit nedokážu," řekl Erik.

Eric said, "I don't think I can fix this."

"Those shoes are too expensive," said Ellen.

"They are expensive," said Ellen.

Ellen said, "Those shoes are expensive."

"Ty boty jsou příliš drahé," řekla Ellen.

"Those shoes are too expensive," said Ellen.

Čárky používáme po oslovení, stejně jako v češtině:

Dear Mrs Slope, it was nice to hear from you.

Henry, where are you going?

My friends, I'm so glad you came!

Po oslovení:

My friends, I'm so glad...

Kamarádi, jsem tak rád, že jste přišli!

My friends, I'm so glad you came!

We need to hurry up, Vicky! The train leaves at 5 pm.

Před oslovením:

Hurry up, Vicky!

Musíme si pospíšit, Vicky! Vlak odjíždí v pět.

We need to hurry up, Vicky! The train leaves at 5 pm.

Čárky (commas) – nejdůležitější body:

Výčet:	I have a cat, a dog, and a bird.
Výčet:	I have a cat, a dog and a bird.
Přídavná jména:	It's fast, simple, and effective.
Přídavná jména:	It's fast, simple and effective.
Hlavní věty:	I like the dress, but it's too expensive.
Přímá řeč:	"Hurry up," said Nick.
Oslovení:	Vicky, hurry up!