Easy to do, nice of you to do... (B1)

Adjectives with infinitive (335)

Přídavná jména s infinitivem

Hlavní přehled

Přídavná jména s infinitivem – procvičování:

Na Landigo máme další související lekce:

It was cheap to rent scooters in Thailand.

It was cheap to rent them.
They were cheap to rent.
Půjčení skútrů v Thajsku bylo levné.
It was cheap to rent scooters in Thailand.

Běžné konstrukce přídavného jména (impossible, nice, happy...) s TO infinitivem:

Je těžké tu písničku zahrát?
Is this song hard to play?
Je od tebe milé, že voláš.
It's kind of you to call.
Byla jsem překvapená, že jsem dostala dort.
I was surprised to get a cake.
Pravděpodobně mě navštíví.
They're likely to visit me.
it is easy to do something
something is easy to do

S přídavnými jmény typu EASY, DIFFICULT, HARD, (IM)POSSIBLE; EXPENSIVE, CHEAP; SAFE, DANGEROUS; IMPORTANT, používáme konstrukci IT IS ... TO DO SOMETHING:

It's easy to learn English.
Je snadné naučit se anglicky.
It isn't safe to eat the fish.
 Není bezpečné jíst tu rybu.
Was it cheap to hire a guide?
 Bylo levné najmout si průvodce?
Je nebezpečné plavat.
It's dangerous to swim.
Bude těžké tě porazit.
It'll be difficult to beat you.
Bylo nemožné telefon opravit.
It was impossible to fix the phone.
Je důležité si ho pamatovat.
It's important to remember it.

Můžeme také použít SOMETHING IS ... TO DO:

English is easy to learn.
 Angličtina se učí snadno.
The fish isn't safe to eat.
 Ryba není bezpečná k jídlu.
Guides are cheap to hire.
 Průvodce si můžete najmout levně.

Neříkáme: English is easy to learn IT.; Guides are cheap to hire THEM.

Je těžké je ulovit.
They're hard to catch.
Poslání balíku bylo drahé.
The package was pricy to send.
Příprava pizzy byla rychlá.
The pizza was quick to make.
Sledování filmu bylo děsivé.
The movie was scary to watch.

It was really difficult to understand Naomi a year ago. She is much easier to understand now.

It was difficult to understand her.
She is easier to understand now.
Před rokem bylo Naomi velmi obtížné rozumět. Teď je to mnohem jednodušší.
It was really difficult to understand Naomi a year ago. She is much easier to understand now.
it's nice of somebody to do

Pokud vyjadřujeme, co si myslíme o něčím chování, použijeme IT'S ... OF SOMEBODY TO DO:

It isn't nice of you to talk about your girlfriend like this.
It's kind of Jessica to offer me the loan.
It was careless of them to leave the bag on the beach without keeping an eye on it.

Stejně lze použít např. také: CLEVER, STUPID, SILLY, MEAN, CRUEL, UNFAIR, CONSIDERATE nebo THOUGHTFUL.

Je od ní chytré, že letí.
It's clever of her to fly.
Bylo od něj hloupé, že přišel pozdě.
It was stupid of him to be late.
Bylo od tebe ošklivé, že jsi mě uhodil.
It was mean of you to hit me.
Je od nich kruté, že ji šikanují.
It's cruel of them to bully her.
Je to od tebe nefér, že podvádíš.
It's unfair of you to cheat.
Je od něj pozorné, že vaří.
It's thoughtful of him to cook.

It was silly of Simon to break up with Katherine when he's still in love with her.

It was silly of him to break up.
It was careless of him to do that.
Od Simona bylo hloupé, že se rozešel s Katherine, když ji stále miluje.
It was silly of Simon to break up with Katherine when he's still in love with her.
of somebody = od někoho
for somebody = pro někoho

Porovnejte OF SOMEBODY (od někoho) a FOR SOMEBODY (pro někoho):

It'd be nice of you to show Denise around.
 Bylo by od tebe hezké, kdybys Denise provedl.
It'd be nice for you to have somebody here to show you around.
 Bylo by hezké, kdybys tu měla někoho, kdo tě provede.

It wasn't possible for anybody to repair, but it was kind of you to give it a try anyways.

Pro někoho:
possible for anybody to repair
Od někoho:
kind of you to try
Nikdo to nemohl opravit, ale bylo od tebe milé, že jsi to přesto zkusil.
It wasn't possible for anybody to repair, but it was kind of you to give it a try anyways.

It was considerate of Daniel to help me with my luggage. He's such a gentleman!

Od někoho:
considerate from of him
Od Daniela bylo ohleduplné, že mi pomohl se zavazadlem. Je to opravdový džentlmen!
It was considerate of Daniel to help me with my luggage. He's such a gentleman!
too hard to pass
easy enough to pass

S přídavným jménem s infinitivem se někdy používá TOO (příliš) a ENOUGH (dostatečně):

Was the exam too hard for you to pass?
Luckily, it was easy enough to pass.
příliš mladý na to, aby letěl sám
too young to fly alone
dostatečně stará na to, aby mohla řídit
old enough to drive
příliš těžká na zvednutí
too heavy to lift
dostatečně hlasité, aby bylo slyšet
loud enough to hear
příliš unavený na hraní
too tired to play
dostatečně vychlazené na pití
chilled enough to drink

Unfortunately, the flat is too expensive for us to afford.

too expensive to afford
not affordable enough to buy
Bohužel je ten byt příliš drahý na to, abychom si ho mohli dovolit.
Unfortunately, the flat is too expensive for us to afford.
be happy to do something

Pomocí přídavných jmen, která vyjadřují nějaký pocit nebo emoci – HAPPY, SAD, SORRY, SURPRISED, AFRAID... + TO infinitivu, můžeme popsat, jak někdo na něco reaguje:

After such a long time we were so happy to see our grandchildren.
I'm sorry to hear that Daniel passed away.
Were you surprised to get promoted, or was it something you expected?
Jsme rádi, že jsme doma.
We're glad to be home.
Máš štěstí, že ho máš.
You're lucky to have him.
Styděla jsem se zeptat.
I was too shy to ask.
Bojí se koupat.
He's afraid to bathe.

Dad was pleased to see that the whole family was having a good time.

He was pleased to see that.
He was happy to spend time with them.
Táta byl rád, že se celá rodina dobře baví.
Dad was pleased to see that the whole family was having a good time.

I'm sad to leave my hometown. At the same time, I'm excited to start a new life in Canada.

I'm sad to leave now.
I'm excited to start a new life.
Je mi smutno, že opouštím své rodné město. Zároveň se ale těším, až začnu nový život v Kanadě.
I'm sad to leave my hometown. At the same time, I'm excited to start a new life in Canada.
the first one to do something

Pokud vyjadřujeme, že někdo přišel jako první, něco se stalo jako poslední apod., použijeme THE FIRST/SECOND/NEXT/LAST/ONLY... + TO infinitiv:

Was he the first person to sail around the world?
Who were the last guests to enter the house? They left the door wide open!
I was the only girl to sleep in a tent.
první, které doběhly
the first ones to finish
druhý oblek na vyzkoušení
the second suit to try
třetí zákusek na ochutnání
the third dessert to try
další autobus, který přijede
the next bus to arrive

You're not the first or the last person to think I'm a little weird.

the first person to think that
the last person to mention that
Nejsi první ani poslední, kdo si myslí, že jsem trochu divný.
You're not the first or the last person to think I'm a little weird.
somebody is likely to do something
something is likely to happen

S přídavnými jmény (UN)LIKELY, (UN)SURE, (UN)CERTAIN, BOUND, která popisují, že něco je nebo není pravděpodobné, můžeme použít konstrukci s TO infinitivem:

I'm unlikely to be in Europe for your birthday. (= It's unlikely that I'll be...)
The German tennis player is certain to win. (= It's certain that he'll...)
You should wear a cap tomorrow. It's likely to get colder and snow. (= It's likely that it will...)
Pravděpodobně bude mít zpoždění.
It's likely to be delayed.
Tu práci určitě dostanu.
I'm certain to get the job.
Určitě budou mít hlad.
They're bound to be hungry.
Pravděpodobně nebude pršet.
It's unlikely to rain.

My friends are bound to be at the bus stop. They must be already waiting for us.

They're bound to be there.
They're very likely to be there.
Moji přátelé budou určitě na autobusové zastávce. Jistě už na nás čekají.
My friends are bound to be at the bus stop. They must be already waiting for us.
Not to do, not to like...

Infinitiv v záporu tvoříme tak, že dáme NOT před TO:

Your puppy is hard not to like. It's so cute!
It was mean of you not to invite Lee to the party.
Bylo těžké se nesmát.
It was hard not to laugh.
Je lepší to nejíst.
It's better not to eat it.
Je hloupé neposlouchat.
It's stupid not to listen.
Bylo rozumné neřídit.
It was smart not to drive.

It was so selfish of you not to share the chocolate!

selfish of you not to share it
nice of you not to eat it all
Bylo od tebe tak sobecké, že ses o čokoládu nepodělila!
It was so selfish of you not to share the chocolate!
It's worth doing, no use trying...

Pozor, s některými přídavnými jmény (busy, worth...) se používá -ING, ne infinitiv:

Are you still busy packing for holiday?
I live just around the corner so it's not worth driving there.
It's no good to persuade Abby, she won't change her mind.
There's no use trying to argue with Aaron. He's too stubborn.

Nikoliv: busy to pack, worth to drive

Více o výrazech s -ING v lekci: Go hiking, be busy doing...

Jsou zaneprázdnění studiem.
They're busy studying.
Vyplatí se připlatit si.
It's worth paying extra.
Nemá smysl se znepokojovat.
It's no good getting worried.
Nemá cenu hrát.
There's no use playing.

Doporučujeme si procvičit přídavná jména s infinitivem (adjectives with infinitive) v našich cvičeních.