Spojky v kondicionálech – procvičování:
Na Landigo máme také lekce:
If it isn't too hot tomorrow, we'll take the dogs for a hike.
If it isn't too hot... |
Unless it's too hot... |
As long as it isn't too hot... |
V kondicionálech (= podmínkových větách) používáme často spojky IF a UNLESS:
If I'm free, I'll help you.
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Jestliže budu mít volno, pomůžu ti. |
Unless I'm too busy, I'll help you.
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Jestliže nebudu mít moc práce, pomůžu ti. |
Ve formálnější angličtině se používají také spojky AS/SO LONG AS, PROVIDED (THAT) a SUPPOSING (THAT):
As long as I am free, I will help you.
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Pokud budu mít volno, pomůžu ti. |
Provided that you are free tomorrow, will you help me?
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Za předpokladu, že zítra budeš mít volno, pomůžeš mi? |
Supposing you are free tomorrow, would you help me?
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Kdybys měl zítra volno, pomohl bys mi? |
Supposing that I rent a car, I can take you to the airport.
Supposing (that) I rent... |
Provided (that) I rent... |
If I rent... |
V kondicionálech používáme nejčastěji IF (pokud; jestliže) a UNLESS (pokud ne; jestliže ne):
If it doesn't rain, I'll go out.
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Pokud nebude pršet, půjdu ven. |
Unless it rains, I'll go out.
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Spojka UNLESS je svým významem negativní, obvykle ji může nahradit IF NOT nebo EXCEPT IF (s výjimkou toho, že):
I'll swim unless there are big waves.
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Budu plavat, pokud nebudou velké vlny. |
I'll swim if there aren't big waves.
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I'll swim except if there are big waves.
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Nikoliv: unless there AREN'T
If the hotel isn't too far, they'll walk there.
If it isn't far... |
Unless it's far... |
Except if it's far... |
Unless Daniel is invited, Rita won't come.
Unless he isn't is invited... |
Pokud mluvíme o něčem nereálném, je možné použít pouze IF NOT, ne UNLESS:
He would visit you if he didn't have the flu. (reality = He has the flu.)
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Navštívil by tě, kdyby neměl chřipku. |
If I hadn't loved her, I wouldn't have married her. (reality = I loved her.)
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Kdybych ji nemiloval, byl bych si ji nevzal. |
Nikoliv: ...unless he had the flu.; Unless I had loved...
Rozdílům mezi UNLESS a IF NOT se více věnujeme v lekci: Unless or if not?
I'd have bought a skateboard if Ellen hadn't lent me one.
...if she hadn't lent me one. |
...unless she had lent me one. |
Namísto IF můžeme ve formálnější angličtině použít AS LONG AS a SO LONG AS (pokud; pod podmínkou, že):
I will let you drive as long as you do not go too fast.
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Nechám tě řídit pod podmínkou, že nepojedeš příliš rychle. |
So long as you drive fast enough, we will not be late.
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Pokud pojedeš dost rychle, nebudeme mít zpoždění. |
Kelly will not play tennis so long as she still doesn't feel well.
...so long as she doesn't feel well. |
...if she doesn't feel well. |
Can you return the clothes only as long as you haven't removed the tags?
...as long as you haven't removed them? |
...so long as you haven't removed them? |
AS LONG AS používáme také při srovnávání času nebo fyzické délky:
You can keep the bike for as long as you need.
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Kolo si můžeš nechat tak dlouho, jak jen budeš potřebovat. |
Your legs aren't as long as mine so the bike might be too big for you.
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Tvoje nohy nejsou tak dlouhé, jako ty moje, takže by pro tebe kolo mohlo být příliš velké. |
SO LONG AS takto nepoužíváme: so long as you need, so long as mine
As long as I can remember, I have had this scar since childhood.
Čas: |
So long as As long as I can remember... |
V kondicionálech také používáme spojky odvozené od sloves PROVIDE (poskytovat) a SUPPOSE (předpokládat):
provided (that)
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providing (that)
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suppose (that)
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supposing (that)
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Provided that it rains, what would we do?
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Pokud (= Předpokládejme, že) by pršelo, co bychom dělali? |
I will go skiing providing it snows.
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Na lyže pojedu, pokud bude sněžit. |
What would we do suppose that it doesn't rain?
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Co bychom dělali, pokud (= za předpokladu, že) by nepršelo? |
Supposing it is sunny, would you sunbathe with me?
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Předpokládejme, že bude slunečno, budeš se se mnou opalovat? |
You can wait for me in the office provided you keep quiet.
...provided you keep quiet. |
...providing you keep quiet. |
SUPPOSING/SUPPOSE má podobný podmiňovací význam jako WHAT IF (co kdyby; představ si, že):
Supposing it doesn't rain, what would we do?
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What if it doesn't rain, what would we do?
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Supposing that I make dinner tonight, will you wash up afterwards?
Supposing that I make...? |
Suppose I make...? |
What if I make...? |
Ve vedlejší větě začínající na IF, UNLESS, AS LONG AS... nepoužíváme obvykle WILL/WOULD:
If we run, we can still catch the bus.
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Pokud poběžíme, můžeme ten autobus ještě stihnout. |
They'll miss the bus unless they leave now.
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Zmeškají autobus, jestli nevyrazí hned. |
Nikoliv: If we WILL run...; If we WOULD run...
Provided you study hard next year, we will get you a laptop.
Provided you will study... |
Supposing you will study... |
If I didn't exercise regularly, I couldn't get fit.
If I wouldn't didn't exercise... |
Porovnejte použití čárky mezi větami:
If I lived in Japan, I'd eat a lot of sushi.
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I'd eat a lot of sushi if I lived in Japan.
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Nikoliv: I'd eat sushi, if...
Unless we cook the fish today, it'll be spoiled tomorrow.
Unless we cook it, it'll be spoiled.
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It'll be spoiled unless we cook it.
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Alex will fly to New Zealand in June as long as he finds a cheap ticket.
He'll fly as long as he finds it.
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As long as he finds it, he'll fly.
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Spojky v kondicionálech – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: